{"id":1758,"date":"2025-06-28T18:31:18","date_gmt":"2025-06-28T18:31:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firearmupgrades.com\/?p=1758"},"modified":"2025-06-28T18:31:18","modified_gmt":"2025-06-28T18:31:18","slug":"rwanda-congo-sign-peace-deal-ending-30-years-of-war","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/firearmupgrades.com\/?p=1758","title":{"rendered":"Rwanda, Congo Sign Peace Deal Ending 30 Years of War"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> <br \/>\n<br \/><\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Welcome back to World Brief, where we\u2019re looking at a <strong>Rwanda-Congo<\/strong> peace deal, <strong>U.S.<\/strong> President Donald Trump\u2019s legal win, and anti-LGBTQ+ policies in <strong>Hungary<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"newsletter-unit-signup--shortcode-fallback\">\n<h2 class=\"dek-heading\">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/category\/world-brief\/\">Sign up<\/a>  to receive World Brief in your inbox every weekday.            <\/h2>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<form data-shortcode-newsletter=\"world_brief\" class=\"newsletter-unit-signup newsletter-unit-signup--shortcode email-capture--step-1 newsletter-unit-signup--shortcode-world_brief\">\n<div class=\"newsletter-world_brief newsletter-shortcode-world_brief\">\n<div class=\"show-on-email-capture--signed-up hide-from-newsletter-subscriber newsletter-unit-signup--shortcode--container\">\n<div class=\"newsletter-unit newsletter-row\">\n<div class=\"newsletter-world_brief\">\n<h2 class=\"dek-heading\">Sign up to receive World Brief in your inbox every weekday.<\/h2>\n<p>\n                        <button class=\"button\">Sign Up<\/button>\n                    <\/p>\n<div class=\"grid--flex newsletter-world_brief newsletter-signup-container\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"World Brief sign up form\" tabindex=\"0\">\n<div class=\"buttons\">\n<div class=\"hide-from-newsletter-subscriber privacy-policy-container\">\n<div class=\"privacy-policy-acknowledge\">\n<p><small>By submitting your email, you agree to the <a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/privacy\/\" target=\"_blank\">Privacy Policy<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/termsofuse\/\" target=\"_blank\">Terms of Use<\/a> and to receive email correspondence from us. You may opt out at any time.<\/small><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\n    <label for=\"email-world_brief\">Enter your email<\/label><br \/>\n    <input type=\"email\" name=\"email\" class=\"hide-from-reg hide-from-sub\" id=\"email-world_brief\" aria-required=\"true\" required=\"\"\/><\/p>\n<p>    <button class=\"button button--signup \" data-newsletter-id=\"world_brief\" data-sourceid=\"In-article unit\" type=\"submit\"><br \/>\n      <span class=\"sign-up-text\">Sign Up<\/span><br \/>\n      <span class=\"loading-text\">Loading&#8230;<\/span><br \/>\n    <\/button>\n  <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/form>\n<hr\/>\n<h3><strong>\u2018Turning Point\u2019<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo signed a landmark U.S.-brokered <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2025\/6\/27\/dr-congo-and-rwanda-sign-peace-deal-in-turning-point-after-years-of-war\">peace deal<\/a> on Friday that aims to end their devastating decades-long conflict.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThis is an important moment after 30 years of war,\u201d U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio said during the signing in Washington, with Rwandan Foreign Minister Olivier Nduhungirehe calling it a \u201cturning point\u201d in the conflict. Since fighting first broke out in the 1990s, roughly 6 million people have been killed and another 7 million displaced.<\/p>\n<p>Fighting first began following the end of the Rwandan genocide in 1994, when Hutu extremists fled into neighboring Congo to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2025\/6\/27\/drc-and-rwanda-to-strike-trump-brokered-peace-deal-all-to-know\">continue their attacks<\/a> on Rwanda\u2019s Tutsis. Such assaults ultimately led to the First and Second Congo Wars, during which Congolese troops accused Rwandan fighters of targeting Hutu civilians and looting Congo\u2019s lucrative resources.<\/p>\n<p>Today, Kinshasa as well as the United Nations and Western powers accuse Kigali of backing one such rebel group: M23. M23 maintains that it is defending the rights of Congolese Tutsis, but many experts suggest that the organization is a front for Rwanda\u2019s larger territorial and resource ambitions. Kigali has sent thousands of troops over the border into eastern Congo to support M23; however, Kigali insists that the troops are not there in support of M23 but rather are acting in self-defense against Congolese forces and ethnic Hutu militia fighters.<\/p>\n<p>Years of fighting have led to what the United Nations has called \u201cone of the most protracted, complex, serious humanitarian crises on Earth,\u201d as consistent warfare has created a power vacuum in eastern Congo that some have feared could catalyze a <a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2025\/02\/28\/rwanda-congo-invasion-africa-conflict\/\">larger regional war<\/a>. Violence escalated in January, when M23 launched a <a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2025\/01\/29\/rwanda-backed-rebels-capture-goma\/\">new offensive<\/a>, seizing the strategic cities of Goma and later Bukavu in an effort to march on the Congolese capital of Kinshasa.<\/p>\n<p>Past peace efforts have largely failed. Both the African Union and Qatar have led peace talks, to little success. The European Union <a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/news\/en\/press-room\/20250206IPR26752\/meps-want-to-suspend-eu-rwanda-deal-on-critical-raw-materials\">cut military aid<\/a> to Rwanda in February to try to force Kigali to quell its support for M23, and that month, the United States also imposed <a href=\"https:\/\/home.treasury.gov\/news\/press-releases\/sb0022\">sweeping sanctions<\/a> on key Rwandan army officials.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cUntil the international community recognizes Rwanda\u2019s cavalier meddling in Congo and the violence and human suffering it has unleashed, lasting peace will forever remain elusive\u2014not just in Congo, but also in Central Africa writ large,\u201d Milain Fayulu and Jeffrey Smith <a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2025\/02\/10\/rwanda-congo-drc-violence-goma-m23-kagame\/\">argued<\/a> in <em>Foreign Policy<\/em> at the time.<\/p>\n<p>Friday\u2019s deal aims to change that. Under the agreement, the two countries pledge to implement a 2024 deal that would see Rwanda withdraw its forces from eastern Congo within 90 days, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/africa\/rwanda-democratic-republic-congo-set-sign-peace-agreement-washington-2025-06-27\/\">according<\/a> to Reuters, as well as launch a regional economic integration framework within 90 days and a joint security coordination mechanism within 30 days. Congolese military actions against the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda, a Congo-based armed group that includes remnants of Rwanda\u2019s former army and militias that carried out the 1994 genocide, would also end within 90 days.<\/p>\n<p>The deal also enables the U.S. government and U.S. companies to gain access to <a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2024\/05\/22\/conflict-free-minerals-traceability-schemes-congo\/\">Congo\u2019s critical minerals<\/a> at a time when Washington and Beijing are <a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2024\/06\/26\/china-africa-infrastructure-lobito-tazara-rail-export-critical-minerals\/\">competing for influence<\/a> in Africa. Congo has one of the world\u2019s largest coltan and cobalt reserves and contains extensive reservoirs of gold, tantalum, tin, and tungsten\u2014all of which are essential for technology manufacturing.<\/p>\n<p>Still, some worry that the deal is <a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2025\/04\/30\/congo-conflict-m23-rebels-trump-rubio-us-peace-deal-critical-minerals\/\">too little, too late<\/a>. \u201cSome wounds will heal, but they will never fully disappear,\u201d Congolese Foreign Minister Th\u00e9r\u00e8se Kayikwamba Wagner <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/politics\/2025\/06\/27\/president-donald-trump\/0815701e-5350-11f0-baaa-ba1025f321a8_story.html\">warned<\/a> on Friday. \u201cThose who have suffered the most are watching. They are expecting this agreement to be respected, and we cannot fail them.\u201d<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h3><strong>Today\u2019s Most Read<\/strong><\/h3>\n<hr\/>\n<h3><strong>What We\u2019re Following<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><strong>Legal win for Trump. <\/strong>The U.S. Supreme Court on Friday issued a ruling restricting federal judges\u2019 abilities to issue nationwide injunctions blocking U.S. President Donald Trump\u2019s executive orders, delivering a <a href=\"https:\/\/truthsocial.com\/@realDonaldTrump\/posts\/114755893176827573\">major win<\/a> for the White House. The <a href=\"https:\/\/x.com\/ReichlinMelnick\/status\/1938600820225781780\">6-3 decision<\/a> paves the way for Trump to move forward with efforts to limit birthright citizenship, though legal challenges are expected to continue.<\/p>\n<p>The plaintiffs argued that Trump\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/presidential-actions\/2025\/01\/protecting-the-meaning-and-value-of-american-citizenship\/\">executive order<\/a> on birthright citizenship violates the U.S. Constitution\u2019s 14th Amendment, which says that all \u201cpersons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.\u201d Three lower courts in Maryland, Massachusetts, and Washington state agreed and issued nationwide injunctions blocking the order, which appeals courts then kept in place while litigation continued.<\/p>\n<p>The Supreme Court\u2019s conservative majority ruled on Friday that such universal injunctions go beyond the courts\u2019 authority. However, the ruling also said Trump\u2019s executive order would not go into effect for 30 days, allowing time for other legal challenges to be brought against it. Crucially, the ruling did not weigh in on the constitutionality of the underlying executive order itself\u2014a fact that dissenting Justice Sonia Sotomayor <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/legal\/government\/us-supreme-court-may-rule-allowing-enforcement-trump-birthright-citizenship-2025-06-27\/?utm_source=Sailthru&amp;utm_medium=Newsletter&amp;utm_campaign=Daily-Briefing&amp;utm_term=062725&amp;lctg=607f1056abd4f461f466319b\">criticized the majority<\/a> for. In a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/politics\/supreme-court\/supreme-court-curbs-injunctions-blocked-trumps-birthright-citizenship-rcna199742\">separate dissenting opinion<\/a>, Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson warned that the ruling was an \u201cexistential threat to the rule of law.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Limiting birthright citizenship is part of Trump\u2019s wider pledge to crack down on immigration. On Thursday, U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security Kristi Noem <a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/guatemala-honduras-noem-asylum-371666b1b5c091276ac27395fc0adac9?user_email=6b04284e4d00370f16d3dac0a626e01bf24d86e4d6995646867da6aa680488d0&amp;utm_medium=Morning_Wire&amp;utm_source=Sailthru_AP&amp;utm_campaign=MorningWire_27June-2025&amp;utm_term=Morning%20Wire%20Subscribers\">announced<\/a> that Washington had signed deals with Guatemala and Honduras to allow them to potentially accept asylum-seekers deported from the United States.<\/p>\n<p><strong>LGBTQ+ crackdown. <\/strong>Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban warned citizens on Friday that those who organize or attend a Budapest Pride event this weekend will face \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/hungarys-pm-orban-warns-legal-consequences-over-banned-budapest-pride-march-2025-06-27\/?utm_source=Sailthru&amp;utm_medium=Newsletter&amp;utm_campaign=Daily-Briefing&amp;utm_term=062725&amp;lctg=607f1056abd4f461f466319b\">legal consequences<\/a>,\u201d with organizers facing up to one year in prison and attendees potentially subject to a $580 fine.<\/p>\n<p>Last March, Hungary\u2019s parliament, dominated by Orban\u2019s far-right Fidesz party, passed legislation allowing police to ban locals from attending LGBTQ+ marches on the grounds of \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lemonde.fr\/en\/international\/article\/2025\/06\/26\/hungary-warns-its-eu-partners-not-to-attend-a-banned-pride-parade_6742732_4.html\">child protection<\/a>.\u201d The law also allows Hungarian authorities to use facial recognition software to identify people who attend these events.<\/p>\n<p>Last week, police explicitly banned the Budapest gathering, with Fidesz lawmakers arguing that the country\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2021\/08\/03\/hungary-orban-fidesz-christian-democracy-right\/\">Christian conservative agenda<\/a> supersedes people\u2019s right to freedom of assembly. However, liberal Budapest Mayor Gergely Karacsony has chosen to go through with the event, with the backing of more than 30 countries and the European Union. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen called on Hungarian authorities this week to allow the march, and Belgium issued a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/belgium-issues-travel-advice-budapest-pride-hungary-lgbtq-uk-canada-ursula-von-der-leyen-viktor-orban\/\">new travel advisory<\/a> on Friday for those visiting Hungary.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Rare-earth deal. <\/strong>The United States and China have resolved a long-running dispute concerning rare-earth shipments, U.S. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/china\/trump-says-deal-related-trade-was-signed-with-china-wednesday-2025-06-26\/?utm_source=Sailthru&amp;utm_medium=Newsletter&amp;utm_campaign=Daily-Briefing&amp;utm_term=062725&amp;lctg=607f1056abd4f461f466319b\">announced<\/a> on Friday. Under the deal, which was signed on Wednesday, China will expedite export applications of controlled items; Beijing suspended rare-earth deliveries to the United States in May after Trump imposed a slew of hefty tariffs on China.<\/p>\n<p>As part of the agreement, Washington agreed to de-escalate the U.S.-China trade war by reducing its duties on Beijing once China\u2019s rare-earth shipments begin anew; however, a statement by the Chinese Commerce Ministry did not explicitly mention rare earths.<\/p>\n<p>The deal is the result of <a href=\"https:\/\/thehill.com\/policy\/international\/5373071-trump-trade-deal-china-rare-earth-exports\/\">several weeks of negotiations<\/a>, with Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping speaking over the phone in early June before top U.S. and Chinese officials convened for meetings in London and Geneva. Experts expect the agreement to help normalize supply chains for automakers, the aerospace industry, and semiconductor manufacturers.<\/p>\n<p>The White House trumpeted the deal as a victory, while <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2025\/06\/27\/business\/us-china-trade-deal-agreement-signed-intl-hnk\">China\u2019s Commerce Ministry<\/a> said it hoped that both countries could \u201ccontinuously enhance consensus, reduce misunderstandings, strengthen cooperation, and jointly promote the healthy, stable, and sustainable development of China-U.S. economic and trade relations.\u201d<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h3><strong>What in the World?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Brazil\u2019s Congress on Wednesday nullified a presidential decree for the first time since what year?<\/p>\n<p>A. 1926<br \/>B. 1944<br \/>C. 1980<br \/>D. 1992<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h3><strong>Odds and Ends<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Kenyan Olympic medalist Faith Kipyegon broke the women\u2019s record for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/sports\/track-field\/faith-kipyegon-runs-fastest-mile-ever-woman-falls-short-sub-4-goal-rcna215133\">world\u2019s fastest mile<\/a> in Paris on Thursday, finishing in 4 minutes and 6.42 seconds. Although she fell just shy of breaking the 4-minute-mile benchmark, she bested her personal record of 4:07.64\u2014and far outpaced most professional athletes, of whom many consider Kipyegon to be the greatest middle-distance runner of all time. If that\u2019s still too fast to wrap your head around, it takes FP\u2019s World Brief writer roughly the same amount of time (if not longer) to walk just three blocks to her closest grocery store.<\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<h3><strong>And the Answer Is\u2026<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>D. 1992<\/p>\n<p>President Luiz In\u00e1cio Lula da Silva\u2019s decree would have increased a financial transaction tax. It was not the only controversy that Lula faced this week, as his government also held an auction for oil drilling rights near the mouth of the Amazon River, FP\u2019s Catherine Osborn <a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2025\/06\/27\/brazil-cop30-belem-un-climate-amazon-oil-lula\/?tpcc=recirc_latest062921\">reports<\/a> in Latin America Brief.<\/p>\n<p>To take the rest of FP\u2019s weekly international news quiz, <a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2025\/06\/27\/foreign-policy-news-quiz-us-iran-bomb-nuclear-trump-israel-thailand-border-nato-summit\/\">click here<\/a>, or <a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/alerts\/\">sign up<\/a> to be alerted when a new one is published.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p><br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/foreignpolicy.com\/2025\/06\/27\/rwanda-congo-peace-deal-drc-m23-rebels-goma-trump\/\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Welcome back to World Brief, where we\u2019re looking at a Rwanda-Congo peace deal, U.S. President Donald Trump\u2019s legal win, and anti-LGBTQ+ policies in Hungary. Sign up to receive World Brief in your inbox every weekday. Sign up to receive World Brief in your inbox every weekday. Sign Up By submitting your email, you agree to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1759,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1758","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-politcical-news"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/firearmupgrades.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1758","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/firearmupgrades.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/firearmupgrades.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firearmupgrades.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firearmupgrades.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1758"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/firearmupgrades.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1758\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firearmupgrades.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1759"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/firearmupgrades.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1758"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firearmupgrades.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1758"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/firearmupgrades.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1758"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}