When Russian President Vladimir Putin was sworn in for his first term on May 7, 2000, few analysts could have predicted that the 47-year-old democratically elected leader would one day seize control of the Russian state and remake Moscow into a revanchist power.<\/p>\n
\u201c[I]f you had asked me or basically anyone whether Vladimir Putin would become the longest-serving Russian leader since Joseph Stalin, the response would have likely been either incredulous silence or uproarious laughter,\u201d Susan B. Glasser, FP\u2019s former editor in chief, wrote<\/a> in 2020. \u201cPutin\u2019s main qualifications for the job \u2026 were that he was: young, articulate, and, literally, sober.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n When Russian President Vladimir Putin was sworn in for his first term on May 7, 2000, few analysts could have predicted that the 47-year-old democratically elected leader would one day seize control of the Russian state and remake Moscow into a revanchist power.<\/p>\n \u201c[I]f you had asked me or basically anyone whether Vladimir Putin would become the longest-serving Russian leader since Joseph Stalin, the response would have likely been either incredulous silence or uproarious laughter,\u201d Susan B. Glasser, FP\u2019s former editor in chief, wrote<\/a> in 2020. \u201cPutin\u2019s main qualifications for the job \u2026 were that he was: young, articulate, and, literally, sober.\u201d<\/p>\n Twenty-five years on, as Putin continues to consolidate control at home and prolong the war in Ukraine, we wanted to reflect on his reign. Below, you\u2019ll find some of our best essays on what drives Putin, how he transformed Russia, and where he fits into the arc of Russian history.<\/p>\n Putin (right) with his parents in 1985 just before his departure to East Germany as a KGB officer. Laski Diffusion\/via Getty Images<\/span> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n Russia\u2019s president has been shaped by decades of bitterness and revenge, William Taubman writes.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Russian President Vladimir Putin speaks prior the military parade of the celebrations marking the 60th anniversary of the Allied victory over Nazi Germany in WW II, on May 9, 2005 on the Red Square in Moscow. YURI KADOBNOV\/AFP via Getty Images<\/span> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n The meaning of Russia\u2019s war in Ukraine is its own national weakness, Paul Berman writes.<\/p>\n AFP via Getty Images<\/span> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n In 2020, 11 leading experts looked back at his reign and predicted what the future may bring.<\/p>\n Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn speaks at Harvard University on June 8, 1978, where he said that the most noticeable thing about the West is what he called \u201cdecline in courage.\u201d Bettmann Archive\/Getty Images<\/span> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n Casey Michel tells the strange story of a global literary hero who went on to inspire Russia\u2019s war on Ukraine.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Foreign Policy illustration\/Getty Images<\/span> <\/p>\n<\/div>\n With a Soviet-style election, Putin\u2019s Russia has come full circle, Adrian Karatnycky writes.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
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\n <\/span>How Putin Learned to Hold Deadly Grudges<\/strong><\/a><\/h3>\n
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\n <\/span>The Intellectual Catastrophe of Vladimir Putin<\/strong><\/a><\/h3>\n
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\n <\/span>How Putin Changed Russia Forever<\/strong><\/a><\/h3>\n
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\n <\/span>How Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn Became Putin\u2019s Spiritual Guru<\/strong><\/a><\/h3>\n
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\n <\/span>Russia Is Back to the Stalinist Future<\/strong><\/a><\/h3>\n